Block #359,516

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2014, 8:08:36 PM · Difficulty 10.3894 · 6,435,869 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1d23d1e99f2bb40ea3a929c4715b35b64c38168c803a5d40d90bbfc5688d78b2

Height

#359,516

Difficulty

10.389422

Transactions

6

Size

2.56 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a63b129

Nonce

207,982

Timestamp

1/14/2014, 8:08:36 PM

Confirmations

6,435,869

Merkle Root

c812a951eac7026d3d2f77bc73d45de90aeb59318bf5b81bf616fbaef98944f1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.251 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12515726785308646683…59419764307484350879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.251 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12515726785308646683…59419764307484350879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.251 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12515726785308646683…59419764307484350881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.503 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25031453570617293367…18839528614968701759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.503 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25031453570617293367…18839528614968701761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.006 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50062907141234586735…37679057229937403519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.006 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50062907141234586735…37679057229937403521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.001 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10012581428246917347…75358114459874807039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.001 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10012581428246917347…75358114459874807041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.002 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20025162856493834694…50716228919749614079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.002 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20025162856493834694…50716228919749614081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,139 XPM·at block #6,795,384 · updates every 60s
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