Block #359,281

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2014, 4:17:53 PM · Difficulty 10.3886 · 6,449,724 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c663355aba846a7beb8637ea470e782654aa31080610b33f887d61e80de350b5

Height

#359,281

Difficulty

10.388594

Transactions

6

Size

1.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a637aec

Nonce

27,829

Timestamp

1/14/2014, 4:17:53 PM

Confirmations

6,449,724

Merkle Root

4eb6e7921895a18ddb9bcce92943e5ad8bc6b348210c018739e7083b265bf6f1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.523 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15235948765102087979…49428560275184594869
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15235948765102087979…49428560275184594869
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15235948765102087979…49428560275184594871
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.047 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30471897530204175959…98857120550369189739
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.047 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30471897530204175959…98857120550369189741
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.094 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60943795060408351918…97714241100738379479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.094 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60943795060408351918…97714241100738379481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.218 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12188759012081670383…95428482201476758959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.218 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12188759012081670383…95428482201476758961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.437 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24377518024163340767…90856964402953517919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.437 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24377518024163340767…90856964402953517921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,716,101 XPM·at block #6,809,004 · updates every 60s
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