Block #358,657

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2014, 6:26:06 AM · Difficulty 10.3844 · 6,448,072 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3ae776aecbdc1407a83119b26fc94319413d82c81acdca1e8238b2539ad8e3a9

Height

#358,657

Difficulty

10.384417

Transactions

9

Size

4.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a626927

Nonce

12,193

Timestamp

1/14/2014, 6:26:06 AM

Confirmations

6,448,072

Merkle Root

817d69a1d8211f3cab12c07a765b466f6ce26f2958d7be55791fc4787aad0381
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.868 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28683955026126919153…11631708097003796479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.868 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28683955026126919153…11631708097003796479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.868 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28683955026126919153…11631708097003796481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.736 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57367910052253838306…23263416194007592959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.736 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57367910052253838306…23263416194007592961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.147 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11473582010450767661…46526832388015185919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.147 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11473582010450767661…46526832388015185921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.294 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22947164020901535322…93053664776030371839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.294 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22947164020901535322…93053664776030371841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.589 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45894328041803070645…86107329552060743679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.589 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45894328041803070645…86107329552060743681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,697,930 XPM·at block #6,806,728 · updates every 60s
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