Block #357,877

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 4:43:39 PM · Difficulty 10.3894 · 6,451,246 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bb56d5794adf852583cbf461ed18c48c093c654d1695dea1faa226e038b5e6f9

Height

#357,877

Difficulty

10.389433

Transactions

6

Size

1.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a63b1e8

Nonce

54,395

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 4:43:39 PM

Confirmations

6,451,246

Merkle Root

4bb877dfb9ad1eadb6b4050075f9a72b5418b6758b8d943b7f5c9a7faa4bce00
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.203 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12037968436759729608…92562252307175348479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.203 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12037968436759729608…92562252307175348479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.203 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12037968436759729608…92562252307175348481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.407 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24075936873519459216…85124504614350696959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.407 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24075936873519459216…85124504614350696961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.815 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48151873747038918433…70249009228701393919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.815 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48151873747038918433…70249009228701393921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.630 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96303747494077836866…40498018457402787839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.630 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96303747494077836866…40498018457402787841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.926 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19260749498815567373…80996036914805575679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.926 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19260749498815567373…80996036914805575681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,717,042 XPM·at block #6,809,122 · updates every 60s
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