Block #357,795

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 3:48:02 PM · Difficulty 10.3863 · 6,457,154 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e719fbaf065bc44897de5493bc7a0da4089144a8034f55b128308e9337db49c3

Height

#357,795

Difficulty

10.386273

Transactions

7

Size

4.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a62e2c7

Nonce

1,384

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 3:48:02 PM

Confirmations

6,457,154

Merkle Root

83608b1de9c4e2c3942ce2ac5b9d45db487b1ddb21f0b2b205ebcb7e45c66f47
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.830 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18308831003556328210…17109968831522488319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.830 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18308831003556328210…17109968831522488319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.830 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18308831003556328210…17109968831522488321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.661 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
36617662007112656421…34219937663044976639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.661 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
36617662007112656421…34219937663044976641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.323 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
73235324014225312842…68439875326089953279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.323 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
73235324014225312842…68439875326089953281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.464 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14647064802845062568…36879750652179906559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.464 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14647064802845062568…36879750652179906561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.929 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29294129605690125136…73759501304359813119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.929 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29294129605690125136…73759501304359813121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,763,689 XPM·at block #6,814,948 · updates every 60s
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