Block #357,562

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 12:05:51 PM · Difficulty 10.3848 · 6,468,782 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
df661032e84feb661f09d0263a12ce794d9d9aaffaf9965f6169203179b5027d

Height

#357,562

Difficulty

10.384844

Transactions

11

Size

3.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a628521

Nonce

21,165

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 12:05:51 PM

Confirmations

6,468,782

Merkle Root

e6c97bbba3385e0fb72c343a079c34762d17a1b6b42b4555060d2d4611286e80
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.884 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18841714418802564691…73415438200361667999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.884 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18841714418802564691…73415438200361667999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.884 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18841714418802564691…73415438200361668001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.768 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37683428837605129383…46830876400723335999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.768 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37683428837605129383…46830876400723336001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.536 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
75366857675210258767…93661752801446671999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.536 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
75366857675210258767…93661752801446672001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.507 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15073371535042051753…87323505602893343999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.507 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15073371535042051753…87323505602893344001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.014 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30146743070084103507…74647011205786687999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.014 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30146743070084103507…74647011205786688001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,854,896 XPM·at block #6,826,343 · updates every 60s
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