Block #357,472

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 10:49:31 AM · Difficulty 10.3833 · 6,469,237 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
586a61ae45162bad0ab66863766a215ee5677fc76cbc24be858e1c92537da1e5

Height

#357,472

Difficulty

10.383260

Transactions

10

Size

4.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a621d5a

Nonce

49,251

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 10:49:31 AM

Confirmations

6,469,237

Merkle Root

0b2b17b0c57be6f0e6cd8dee10e64596646a5ecd1d9d7bb9986c0dfe3612a658
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.637 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26375312042041815171…86767195145217399599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.637 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26375312042041815171…86767195145217399599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.637 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26375312042041815171…86767195145217399601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.275 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
52750624084083630342…73534390290434799199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.275 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
52750624084083630342…73534390290434799201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.055 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10550124816816726068…47068780580869598399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.055 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10550124816816726068…47068780580869598401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.110 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21100249633633452136…94137561161739196799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.110 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21100249633633452136…94137561161739196801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.220 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
42200499267266904273…88275122323478393599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.220 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
42200499267266904273…88275122323478393601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,857,824 XPM·at block #6,826,708 · updates every 60s
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