Block #357,251

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 7:13:59 AM · Difficulty 10.3825 · 6,434,249 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a54815a5bcfd2573a46170a2e1dd41b7579e57b8c67e8485418ebe0d6a251e60

Height

#357,251

Difficulty

10.382502

Transactions

9

Size

6.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a61eb9f

Nonce

11,450

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 7:13:59 AM

Confirmations

6,434,249

Merkle Root

9d30cb009edd591cc0696725f9daa5ac6cd9e6bf252ad0436204d21d80906ed2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.945 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29454438896849667739…25557715180766203639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.945 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29454438896849667739…25557715180766203639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.945 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29454438896849667739…25557715180766203641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.890 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
58908877793699335478…51115430361532407279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.890 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
58908877793699335478…51115430361532407281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.178 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11781775558739867095…02230860723064814559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.178 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11781775558739867095…02230860723064814561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.356 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23563551117479734191…04461721446129629119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.356 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23563551117479734191…04461721446129629121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.712 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
47127102234959468383…08923442892259258239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.712 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
47127102234959468383…08923442892259258241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,575,942 XPM·at block #6,791,499 · updates every 60s
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