Block #357,194

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 6:16:15 AM · Difficulty 10.3828 · 6,459,581 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a1df8d2c4166bd3873d13af9feada6ba3e7edd1ae44addecb1ed16ce57240cb9

Height

#357,194

Difficulty

10.382752

Transactions

7

Size

3.95 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a61fc0f

Nonce

100,665,236

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 6:16:15 AM

Confirmations

6,459,581

Merkle Root

d6fce59c9725222dfbda202df26b780d8b132fe6916c39dcd4a4e0eb878c0463
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.649 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36492987316837926823…00903972884653537279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.649 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36492987316837926823…00903972884653537279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.649 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36492987316837926823…00903972884653537281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.298 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
72985974633675853647…01807945769307074559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.298 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
72985974633675853647…01807945769307074561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.459 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14597194926735170729…03615891538614149119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.459 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14597194926735170729…03615891538614149121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.919 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29194389853470341459…07231783077228298239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.919 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29194389853470341459…07231783077228298241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.838 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58388779706940682918…14463566154456596479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.838 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58388779706940682918…14463566154456596481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,778,234 XPM·at block #6,816,774 · updates every 60s
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