Block #357,029

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 3:36:40 AM · Difficulty 10.3820 · 6,454,073 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4ebd0f6a312f846173cf3ce3390bc7caa7e5df09a1589517e0da721bb0de0f7e

Height

#357,029

Difficulty

10.382003

Transactions

20

Size

5.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a61caf2

Nonce

57,526

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 3:36:40 AM

Confirmations

6,454,073

Merkle Root

990caa84dcdbc7b6849c8859f68269dca4af13f9502f494b868526359ec5e006
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.823 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
78234150239241812882…09092844748962630399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.823 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
78234150239241812882…09092844748962630399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.823 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
78234150239241812882…09092844748962630401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.564 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15646830047848362576…18185689497925260799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.564 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15646830047848362576…18185689497925260801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.129 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31293660095696725153…36371378995850521599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.129 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31293660095696725153…36371378995850521601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.258 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62587320191393450306…72742757991701043199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.258 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62587320191393450306…72742757991701043201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.251 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12517464038278690061…45485515983402086399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.251 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12517464038278690061…45485515983402086401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,925 XPM·at block #6,811,101 · updates every 60s
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