Block #356,932

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 1:47:21 AM · Difficulty 10.3833 · 6,446,487 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9e2be97bfa9ccad0c0a1cd1728bbd7ba79b6e99b383d1359cfeadf0aa812632a

Height

#356,932

Difficulty

10.383345

Transactions

12

Size

12.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6222e5

Nonce

33,600

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 1:47:21 AM

Confirmations

6,446,487

Merkle Root

1b73da8b8f2ed013a2a74db5771db52e7b9c11dfd714d8eba67c2759875ba584
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.866 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
48661129119747719536…06383632345031275519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.866 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
48661129119747719536…06383632345031275519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.866 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
48661129119747719536…06383632345031275521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.732 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
97322258239495439073…12767264690062551039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.732 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
97322258239495439073…12767264690062551041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.946 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19464451647899087814…25534529380125102079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.946 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19464451647899087814…25534529380125102081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.892 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
38928903295798175629…51069058760250204159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.892 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
38928903295798175629…51069058760250204161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.785 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
77857806591596351258…02138117520500408319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.785 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
77857806591596351258…02138117520500408321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,671,383 XPM·at block #6,803,418 · updates every 60s
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