Block #356,656

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2014, 9:26:04 PM · Difficulty 10.3818 · 6,442,797 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
48004a6ea99e68a92d830ac05fdb3ac23d656d2e8a6e4510ca7040cb837e135b

Height

#356,656

Difficulty

10.381812

Transactions

16

Size

5.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a61be71

Nonce

53,216

Timestamp

1/12/2014, 9:26:04 PM

Confirmations

6,442,797

Merkle Root

778621e29176ae5779b3e21208d2b03beb9ef358aae8ca325c5a775e0f88d808
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.583 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55835310865814169445…09682506700247710719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.583 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55835310865814169445…09682506700247710719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.583 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55835310865814169445…09682506700247710721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.116 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11167062173162833889…19365013400495421439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.116 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11167062173162833889…19365013400495421441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22334124346325667778…38730026800990842879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22334124346325667778…38730026800990842881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.466 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44668248692651335556…77460053601981685759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.466 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44668248692651335556…77460053601981685761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.933 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89336497385302671112…54920107203963371519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.933 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89336497385302671112…54920107203963371521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,639,675 XPM·at block #6,799,452 · updates every 60s
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