Block #356,594

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2014, 8:34:44 PM · Difficulty 10.3802 · 6,437,610 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
553824cfc6bc74f9e4cd98bcbeae1e7e08dc8dfce30ce9ee0ce432ef69fceffc

Height

#356,594

Difficulty

10.380166

Transactions

9

Size

2.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a61528b

Nonce

7,244

Timestamp

1/12/2014, 8:34:44 PM

Confirmations

6,437,610

Merkle Root

12cb7cb7989b717bdd3401d8ce983007c177250d842fde10695a3156f724be3d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.605 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
96059601554290631225…86303215150735303679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.605 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
96059601554290631225…86303215150735303679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.605 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
96059601554290631225…86303215150735303681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.921 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19211920310858126245…72606430301470607359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.921 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19211920310858126245…72606430301470607361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.842 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
38423840621716252490…45212860602941214719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.842 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
38423840621716252490…45212860602941214721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.684 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
76847681243432504980…90425721205882429439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.684 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
76847681243432504980…90425721205882429441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.536 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15369536248686500996…80851442411764858879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.536 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15369536248686500996…80851442411764858881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,597,657 XPM·at block #6,794,203 · updates every 60s
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