Block #356,216

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2014, 3:12:09 PM · Difficulty 10.3731 · 6,438,336 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
14a3af64dc5fa367de9344e05c9e6392bdc87f65b95051a36bb4913afdeab10e

Height

#356,216

Difficulty

10.373074

Transactions

19

Size

4.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5f81c5

Nonce

66,571

Timestamp

1/12/2014, 3:12:09 PM

Confirmations

6,438,336

Merkle Root

f6973b9b123654b7f5f2ff2e371302f6d9b05acff6ea1a7ee292660aac456e3c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.180 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11803819945015449628…28828207958131703039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.180 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11803819945015449628…28828207958131703039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.180 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11803819945015449628…28828207958131703041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.360 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23607639890030899257…57656415916263406079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.360 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23607639890030899257…57656415916263406081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.721 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
47215279780061798515…15312831832526812159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.721 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
47215279780061798515…15312831832526812161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.443 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
94430559560123597031…30625663665053624319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.443 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
94430559560123597031…30625663665053624321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.888 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
18886111912024719406…61251327330107248639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.888 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
18886111912024719406…61251327330107248641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,600,457 XPM·at block #6,794,551 · updates every 60s
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