Block #356,177

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2014, 2:36:26 PM · Difficulty 10.3728 · 6,451,707 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
062c99eddb58a01daa090ee467fd9f142a07cc65876a2e1de415b9bd365fa70d

Height

#356,177

Difficulty

10.372775

Transactions

7

Size

2.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5f6e35

Nonce

250,328

Timestamp

1/12/2014, 2:36:26 PM

Confirmations

6,451,707

Merkle Root

2356fe97831e15b2275746990533256aca49bd3d41f80c320b40cd04ed4bbfbe
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.615 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56153802206062696367…50773470508065822719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.615 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56153802206062696367…50773470508065822719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.615 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56153802206062696367…50773470508065822721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.123 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11230760441212539273…01546941016131645439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.123 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11230760441212539273…01546941016131645441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.246 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22461520882425078546…03093882032263290879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.246 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22461520882425078546…03093882032263290881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.492 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44923041764850157093…06187764064526581759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.492 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44923041764850157093…06187764064526581761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.984 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89846083529700314187…12375528129053163519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.984 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89846083529700314187…12375528129053163521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,707,107 XPM·at block #6,807,883 · updates every 60s
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