Block #355,253

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/12/2014, 1:01:12 AM · Difficulty 10.3574 · 6,462,456 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
81a8fd414b75a729a3d281a0f4bf06bf8209647f426f7699f048191d04e3277c

Height

#355,253

Difficulty

10.357428

Transactions

14

Size

3.95 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5b8066

Nonce

174,993

Timestamp

1/12/2014, 1:01:12 AM

Confirmations

6,462,456

Merkle Root

5839bd88a16c3de1aed1971fff2ee088e38354d4ca4c3f82f03e72b4cfd9816b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.132 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91323176190058973360…45616291673374213119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.132 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91323176190058973360…45616291673374213119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.132 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91323176190058973360…45616291673374213121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.826 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18264635238011794672…91232583346748426239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.826 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18264635238011794672…91232583346748426241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.652 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36529270476023589344…82465166693496852479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.652 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36529270476023589344…82465166693496852481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.305 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73058540952047178688…64930333386993704959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.305 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73058540952047178688…64930333386993704961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.461 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14611708190409435737…29860666773987409919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.461 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14611708190409435737…29860666773987409921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,785,731 XPM·at block #6,817,708 · updates every 60s
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