Block #3,551,552

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/9/2020, 7:26:55 PM · Difficulty 10.9289 · 3,255,216 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f80baac4223699b46ba8696794a1be22184c0b16d5333c60f829fa6ef3463c2c

Height

#3,551,552

Difficulty

10.928946

Transactions

11

Size

2.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aedcf65

Nonce

1,755,828,419

Timestamp

2/9/2020, 7:26:55 PM

Confirmations

3,255,216

Merkle Root

43eaeafb810789345728e40526d7928096c4bf1d07c5fd2bd663119daf9a1bce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.163 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11635809733828566298…30987252311737587199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.163 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11635809733828566298…30987252311737587199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.163 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11635809733828566298…30987252311737587201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.327 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23271619467657132597…61974504623475174399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.327 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23271619467657132597…61974504623475174401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.654 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46543238935314265195…23949009246950348799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.654 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46543238935314265195…23949009246950348801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.308 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
93086477870628530391…47898018493900697599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.308 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
93086477870628530391…47898018493900697601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18617295574125706078…95796036987801395199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18617295574125706078…95796036987801395201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.723 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37234591148251412156…91592073975602790399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,698,246 XPM·at block #6,806,767 · updates every 60s
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