Block #355,033

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2014, 9:39:46 PM · Difficulty 10.3553 · 6,437,560 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a828f60030573bcdc161f4d429bc0497ae351d56e5a2a29a13006f0dc54b78f8

Height

#355,033

Difficulty

10.355307

Transactions

22

Size

6.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5af56b

Nonce

18,971

Timestamp

1/11/2014, 9:39:46 PM

Confirmations

6,437,560

Merkle Root

7ade33ecb6b23e801b62410cc86434d9c97dc1dfd8b85eebcd710a97babf62c2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.839 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38391592336976931345…83632711253690125199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.839 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38391592336976931345…83632711253690125199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.839 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38391592336976931345…83632711253690125201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.678 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76783184673953862691…67265422507380250399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.678 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76783184673953862691…67265422507380250401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.535 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15356636934790772538…34530845014760500799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.535 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15356636934790772538…34530845014760500801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.071 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30713273869581545076…69061690029521001599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.071 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30713273869581545076…69061690029521001601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.142 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61426547739163090153…38123380059042003199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.142 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61426547739163090153…38123380059042003201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,584,712 XPM·at block #6,792,592 · updates every 60s
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