Block #3,548,725

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/7/2020, 4:27:24 PM · Difficulty 10.9321 · 3,259,391 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
39daf8e9774c0b7f0b8cf0304623d38fb65b8d00fb4f8dec74efd88ff1b35820

Height

#3,548,725

Difficulty

10.932055

Transactions

10

Size

2.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee9b2f

Nonce

363,070,467

Timestamp

2/7/2020, 4:27:24 PM

Confirmations

3,259,391

Merkle Root

61e9f4567686b461048d7238801ec1b066f4be9508c4f03d287f33404f634dc0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92724068018213939969…51018975965155352639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92724068018213939969…51018975965155352639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.272 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92724068018213939969…51018975965155352641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.854 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18544813603642787993…02037951930310705279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.854 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18544813603642787993…02037951930310705281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37089627207285575987…04075903860621410559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37089627207285575987…04075903860621410561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.417 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
74179254414571151975…08151807721242821119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.417 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
74179254414571151975…08151807721242821121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.483 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14835850882914230395…16303615442485642239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.483 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14835850882914230395…16303615442485642241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,708,976 XPM·at block #6,808,115 · updates every 60s
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