Block #353,752

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2014, 3:23:04 AM · Difficulty 10.3312 · 6,458,991 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f59d963883954ce1157fb08271bbc57cee38fed66ca1657761930b0056f1dbe4

Height

#353,752

Difficulty

10.331173

Transactions

6

Size

1.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a54c7c8

Nonce

13,071

Timestamp

1/11/2014, 3:23:04 AM

Confirmations

6,458,991

Merkle Root

da1bae7c9567064ec8c8397011b203126539ce5767e24e6da25a2b771f674a90
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.597 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25976276524610341571…00611723573360276839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.597 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25976276524610341571…00611723573360276839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.597 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25976276524610341571…00611723573360276841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.195 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51952553049220683142…01223447146720553679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.195 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51952553049220683142…01223447146720553681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.039 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10390510609844136628…02446894293441107359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.039 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10390510609844136628…02446894293441107361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.078 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20781021219688273256…04893788586882214719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.078 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20781021219688273256…04893788586882214721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.156 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41562042439376546513…09787577173764429439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.156 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41562042439376546513…09787577173764429441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,745,987 XPM·at block #6,812,742 · updates every 60s
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