Block #353,123

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/10/2014, 6:14:26 PM · Difficulty 10.3203 · 6,446,233 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6e7c93387d262824ff308fc2a6befdab47a94e32e80986f4d7bc10ce3906745d

Height

#353,123

Difficulty

10.320343

Transactions

12

Size

2.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a520206

Nonce

31,867

Timestamp

1/10/2014, 6:14:26 PM

Confirmations

6,446,233

Merkle Root

dc2bedd1773e1d5aa5f381fd9d045db149c26e89197660f188bc393fb2501cfe
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.795 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47958336957308324617…95366856683481904639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.795 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47958336957308324617…95366856683481904639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.795 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47958336957308324617…95366856683481904641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.591 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95916673914616649234…90733713366963809279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.591 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95916673914616649234…90733713366963809281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.918 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19183334782923329846…81467426733927618559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.918 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19183334782923329846…81467426733927618561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.836 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
38366669565846659693…62934853467855237119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.836 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
38366669565846659693…62934853467855237121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.673 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
76733339131693319387…25869706935710474239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.673 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
76733339131693319387…25869706935710474241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,638,894 XPM·at block #6,799,355 · updates every 60s
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