Block #352,648

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/10/2014, 11:39:44 AM · Difficulty 10.3095 · 6,457,195 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cdd760a10144a06e071f2fad5002e69fba84f7616a876813cbab87b008e835c3

Height

#352,648

Difficulty

10.309537

Transactions

6

Size

2.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a4f3dcc

Nonce

125,302

Timestamp

1/10/2014, 11:39:44 AM

Confirmations

6,457,195

Merkle Root

8ec7fe2c74fe58ff3f8c478452a1db4c9c34947ceb2b14ecaf08c3064d8a82f3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.673 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76739666868734201406…56972271742101882699
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.673 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76739666868734201406…56972271742101882699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.673 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
76739666868734201406…56972271742101882701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.534 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15347933373746840281…13944543484203765399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.534 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15347933373746840281…13944543484203765401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.069 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30695866747493680562…27889086968407530799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.069 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30695866747493680562…27889086968407530801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.139 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61391733494987361125…55778173936815061599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.139 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61391733494987361125…55778173936815061601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.227 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12278346698997472225…11556347873630123199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.227 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12278346698997472225…11556347873630123201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,722,831 XPM·at block #6,809,842 · updates every 60s
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