Block #352,100

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/10/2014, 3:34:13 AM · Difficulty 10.3009 · 6,456,567 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7139927cda38091140a9747069a5271a6a30c1074b2b2f00bcc0d9c421eeb212

Height

#352,100

Difficulty

10.300919

Transactions

10

Size

9.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a4d0906

Nonce

204,383

Timestamp

1/10/2014, 3:34:13 AM

Confirmations

6,456,567

Merkle Root

aa48c6134f81e0201d1eeddf90fd49f44b6b8c914f7d558bdb98d95ab58eb872
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.243 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
12430377660227940242…22820746583417448959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.243 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
12430377660227940242…22820746583417448959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.243 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
12430377660227940242…22820746583417448961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.486 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
24860755320455880485…45641493166834897919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.486 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
24860755320455880485…45641493166834897921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.972 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
49721510640911760970…91282986333669795839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.972 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
49721510640911760970…91282986333669795841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.944 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
99443021281823521941…82565972667339591679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.944 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
99443021281823521941…82565972667339591681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.988 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
19888604256364704388…65131945334679183359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.988 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
19888604256364704388…65131945334679183361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,713,380 XPM·at block #6,808,666 · updates every 60s
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