Block #352,018

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/10/2014, 2:10:40 AM · Difficulty 10.3006 · 6,473,503 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
41ed45458b4cb24bf44d3af8fd6de3573194e81605fda08fe5cae78d74cd625f

Height

#352,018

Difficulty

10.300581

Transactions

6

Size

2.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a4cf2e2

Nonce

113,842

Timestamp

1/10/2014, 2:10:40 AM

Confirmations

6,473,503

Merkle Root

7cfba38245ef8d4530d7b64102e58472da061ca2e238b3fa84a89ae0d6caf2fc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.794 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27946585536587717013…67617745755411268799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.794 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27946585536587717013…67617745755411268799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.794 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27946585536587717013…67617745755411268801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.589 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55893171073175434027…35235491510822537599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.589 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55893171073175434027…35235491510822537601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.117 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11178634214635086805…70470983021645075199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.117 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11178634214635086805…70470983021645075201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.235 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22357268429270173610…40941966043290150399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.235 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22357268429270173610…40941966043290150401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.471 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44714536858540347221…81883932086580300799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.471 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44714536858540347221…81883932086580300801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,848,263 XPM·at block #6,825,520 · updates every 60s
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