Block #351,446

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/9/2014, 5:13:57 PM · Difficulty 10.2957 · 6,451,278 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
739e5a2b42d67ba30d722425ae2140730cba9ebe8cca81e61a268419b4651e2f

Height

#351,446

Difficulty

10.295703

Transactions

14

Size

3.61 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a4bb32c

Nonce

237,860

Timestamp

1/9/2014, 5:13:57 PM

Confirmations

6,451,278

Merkle Root

db5ed6e8a4a253d79436ca1896cbe94311619117fc8fe16af5c34aa0e53f97e8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.892 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18924124766009343941…83234837088628171579
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.892 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18924124766009343941…83234837088628171579
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.892 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18924124766009343941…83234837088628171581
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.784 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37848249532018687883…66469674177256343159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.784 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37848249532018687883…66469674177256343161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.569 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75696499064037375766…32939348354512686319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.569 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75696499064037375766…32939348354512686321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.513 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15139299812807475153…65878696709025372639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.513 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15139299812807475153…65878696709025372641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.027 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30278599625614950306…31757393418050745279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.027 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30278599625614950306…31757393418050745281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,665,820 XPM·at block #6,802,723 · updates every 60s
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