Block #3,506,244

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/9/2020, 4:46:09 AM · Difficulty 10.9304 · 3,335,979 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0552a6eba47061fa4103fd7519c82c7fbd5a21952993a369716b37f4900f4e24

Height

#3,506,244

Difficulty

10.930414

Transactions

13

Size

73.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee2fa2

Nonce

530,129,187

Timestamp

1/9/2020, 4:46:09 AM

Confirmations

3,335,979

Merkle Root

9784807b693faa01d7394133be5601d428a5394b68573a990d5adc48963d4c31
Transactions (13)
1 in → 1 out9.1800 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out100.1863 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out100.1788 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out100.1493 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out100.1572 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out100.1363 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out100.1426 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out100.1640 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.187 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21876211419236997669…82792704400384491519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.187 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21876211419236997669…82792704400384491519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.187 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21876211419236997669…82792704400384491521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.375 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
43752422838473995338…65585408800768983039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.375 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
43752422838473995338…65585408800768983041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.750 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
87504845676947990677…31170817601537966079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.750 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
87504845676947990677…31170817601537966081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.750 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17500969135389598135…62341635203075932159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.750 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17500969135389598135…62341635203075932161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.500 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35001938270779196271…24683270406151864319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.500 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35001938270779196271…24683270406151864321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.000 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
70003876541558392542…49366540812303728639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,982,182 XPM·at block #6,842,222 · updates every 60s
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