Block #3,506,085

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/9/2020, 2:08:58 AM · Difficulty 10.9304 · 3,327,895 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
54609c5f4c55bb16cc6fed9f35f23ae407292f53775ce5c399fdc13ed3bbbb73

Height

#3,506,085

Difficulty

10.930378

Transactions

11

Size

72.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee2d3b

Nonce

1,205,075,546

Timestamp

1/9/2020, 2:08:58 AM

Confirmations

3,327,895

Merkle Root

00f50b6eaa72fc092e5c91f2b3f14e6fc6413e605f51969d256ec8cb0bc06cad
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out9.1600 XPM109 B
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out7645.9857 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.199 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11998585549627564654…06091722754522738399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.199 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11998585549627564654…06091722754522738399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.199 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11998585549627564654…06091722754522738401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.399 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23997171099255129308…12183445509045476799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.399 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23997171099255129308…12183445509045476801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.799 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47994342198510258616…24366891018090953599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.799 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47994342198510258616…24366891018090953601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.598 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
95988684397020517233…48733782036181907199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.598 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
95988684397020517233…48733782036181907201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.919 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19197736879404103446…97467564072363814399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.919 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19197736879404103446…97467564072363814401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,916,065 XPM·at block #6,833,979 · updates every 60s
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