Block #3,505,682

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2020, 7:33:18 PM · Difficulty 10.9302 · 3,336,261 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ef2ce39dfaa554ef396602623429c02d3b14603f3fc143708d14fcedf10ca17b

Height

#3,505,682

Difficulty

10.930241

Transactions

11

Size

72.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee2446

Nonce

81,867,778

Timestamp

1/8/2020, 7:33:18 PM

Confirmations

3,336,261

Merkle Root

2114fa59f2cfef7bd639f995f246328c03c8881e63125adb830da94dd740fa7b
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out9.1600 XPM109 B
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out2159.1200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.245 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52455880864799109838…71465404997999124479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.245 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52455880864799109838…71465404997999124479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.245 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52455880864799109838…71465404997999124481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.049 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10491176172959821967…42930809995998248959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.049 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10491176172959821967…42930809995998248961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.098 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20982352345919643935…85861619991996497919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.098 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20982352345919643935…85861619991996497921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.196 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41964704691839287870…71723239983992995839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.196 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41964704691839287870…71723239983992995841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.392 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
83929409383678575741…43446479967985991679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.392 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
83929409383678575741…43446479967985991681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,979,924 XPM·at block #6,841,942 · updates every 60s
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