Block #3,505,370

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 1/8/2020, 2:07:33 PM · Difficulty 10.9304 · 3,337,887 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c5eba56523ab01fe51a8948ac12d9532112d4d5ad4b54112269a87c84ca40a0c

Height

#3,505,370

Difficulty

10.930430

Transactions

11

Size

72.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee30b0

Nonce

262,956,866

Timestamp

1/8/2020, 2:07:33 PM

Confirmations

3,337,887

Merkle Root

846e51bf91460c30b0380e3af902b17725bf104f079552cf1f29b64d6dfd0721
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out9.1600 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out5097.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.177 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31776523158612320492…93181515245533209601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.177 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31776523158612320492…93181515245533209601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.355 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63553046317224640984…86363030491066419201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.271 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12710609263444928196…72726060982132838401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.542 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25421218526889856393…45452121964265676801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.084 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
50842437053779712787…90904243928531353601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.016 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10168487410755942557…81808487857062707201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.033 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20336974821511885114…63616975714125414401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.067 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
40673949643023770229…27233951428250828801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.134 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
81347899286047540459…54467902856501657601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.626 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16269579857209508091…08935805713003315201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,990,428 XPM·at block #6,843,256 · updates every 60s
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