Block #3,505,334

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2020, 1:19:02 PM · Difficulty 10.9306 · 3,326,112 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5dfcd1bbe1b9a863d9bb90971d3f4c9179ea7204a8bd337bf5d18590c4369dfb

Height

#3,505,334

Difficulty

10.930591

Transactions

11

Size

65.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee3b36

Nonce

1,927,364,633

Timestamp

1/8/2020, 1:19:02 PM

Confirmations

3,326,112

Merkle Root

4eb7ffeb732762f803e72e0310e5c2c45527bc237a0dc2094d6e8100bddaa674
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out9.0900 XPM109 B
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.176 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31764687020177233386…83967431710561736699
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.176 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31764687020177233386…83967431710561736699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.176 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31764687020177233386…83967431710561736701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.352 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63529374040354466773…67934863421123473399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.352 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63529374040354466773…67934863421123473401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.270 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12705874808070893354…35869726842246946799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.270 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12705874808070893354…35869726842246946801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.541 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25411749616141786709…71739453684493893599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.541 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25411749616141786709…71739453684493893601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.082 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50823499232283573418…43478907368987787199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.082 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50823499232283573418…43478907368987787201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,895,733 XPM·at block #6,831,445 · updates every 60s
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