Block #3,505,233

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2020, 11:41:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9305 · 3,332,323 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
29c8a233ce95b6613451dcc9e7880d90a317ba65c06521e1605fcc08954ba620

Height

#3,505,233

Difficulty

10.930549

Transactions

10

Size

65.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aee3870

Nonce

359,274,782

Timestamp

1/8/2020, 11:41:51 AM

Confirmations

3,332,323

Merkle Root

aa131108e76e10690be3f9d4681305f49884c05fa51d5f768d665265c0973fb8
Transactions (10)
1 in → 1 out9.0800 XPM109 B
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out199.9200 XPM7.28 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.265 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22652350134994192076…90329872870341785599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.265 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22652350134994192076…90329872870341785599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.265 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22652350134994192076…90329872870341785601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.530 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45304700269988384152…80659745740683571199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.530 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45304700269988384152…80659745740683571201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.060 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
90609400539976768304…61319491481367142399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.060 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
90609400539976768304…61319491481367142401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.812 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18121880107995353660…22638982962734284799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.812 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18121880107995353660…22638982962734284801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.624 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36243760215990707321…45277965925468569599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.624 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36243760215990707321…45277965925468569601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,944,777 XPM·at block #6,837,555 · updates every 60s
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