Block #3,488,932

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/25/2019, 10:00:31 AM · Difficulty 10.9681 · 3,327,761 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
114ee9ea468c1fc74b6929f33fee74368d769ff87e7e268549f3741e8bf0320c

Height

#3,488,932

Difficulty

10.968069

Transactions

12

Size

5.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7d35c

Nonce

1,102,567,139

Timestamp

12/25/2019, 10:00:31 AM

Confirmations

3,327,761

Merkle Root

de2b36a742132070e8b6a617c54eb4370fc1d2e46ee5190128135c3884b65b6f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.294 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12943096813751977252…84514049604339188479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.294 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12943096813751977252…84514049604339188479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.294 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12943096813751977252…84514049604339188481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.588 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25886193627503954504…69028099208678376959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.588 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25886193627503954504…69028099208678376961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.177 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51772387255007909008…38056198417356753919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.177 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51772387255007909008…38056198417356753921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.035 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10354477451001581801…76112396834713507839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.035 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10354477451001581801…76112396834713507841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.070 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20708954902003163603…52224793669427015679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.070 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20708954902003163603…52224793669427015681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,777,666 XPM·at block #6,816,692 · updates every 60s
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