Block #348,864

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2014, 1:26:33 AM · Difficulty 10.2672 · 6,444,717 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
00f2acf8f181f9fedd15f5bb53f45d834523b3b3b10eb897e87cf1510efad109

Height

#348,864

Difficulty

10.267197

Transactions

20

Size

37.49 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a446702

Nonce

103,281

Timestamp

1/8/2014, 1:26:33 AM

Confirmations

6,444,717

Merkle Root

16d7f5f38054761ab7e6a2b9efc62aa620268a378110edea0d4eee04f7940f30
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.874 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58745234038818503683…76066291915167448039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.874 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58745234038818503683…76066291915167448039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.874 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58745234038818503683…76066291915167448041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.174 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11749046807763700736…52132583830334896079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.174 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11749046807763700736…52132583830334896081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.349 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23498093615527401473…04265167660669792159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.349 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23498093615527401473…04265167660669792161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.699 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46996187231054802946…08530335321339584319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.699 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46996187231054802946…08530335321339584321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
93992374462109605893…17060670642679168639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
93992374462109605893…17060670642679168641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,592,643 XPM·at block #6,793,580 · updates every 60s
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