Block #348,743

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 11:47:57 PM · Difficulty 10.2638 · 6,477,692 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e5c7eacfbea852f8748b68e49633d6a3655fa743923d8b0216a65a4e092c1d9b

Height

#348,743

Difficulty

10.263823

Transactions

18

Size

5.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a4389e9

Nonce

179,994

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 11:47:57 PM

Confirmations

6,477,692

Merkle Root

2519af0b607de69a714df13a7dc24e5ad199cf1d4f502abd02776dc4e5fbb14a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.870 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
98704081337314378195…42016582014591420799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.870 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
98704081337314378195…42016582014591420799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.870 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
98704081337314378195…42016582014591420801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.974 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19740816267462875639…84033164029182841599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.974 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19740816267462875639…84033164029182841601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.948 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
39481632534925751278…68066328058365683199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.948 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
39481632534925751278…68066328058365683201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.896 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
78963265069851502556…36132656116731366399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.896 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
78963265069851502556…36132656116731366401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.579 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15792653013970300511…72265312233462732799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.579 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15792653013970300511…72265312233462732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,855,617 XPM·at block #6,826,434 · updates every 60s
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