Block #348,592

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 9:28:16 PM · Difficulty 10.2624 · 6,476,156 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ac7d6cf70c9dea0809e5d243f6bbb1b6e5ec142eadaf75bfb2ab21b63c2e4ea4

Height

#348,592

Difficulty

10.262416

Transactions

6

Size

7.51 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a432db0

Nonce

157,851

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 9:28:16 PM

Confirmations

6,476,156

Merkle Root

fbe117142b36fcc6a7f305af41882705ddd1157d124ce2b1fc40bd8245a0e4e2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.655 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
86555403195122110371…50998948230488343189
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.655 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
86555403195122110371…50998948230488343189
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.655 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
86555403195122110371…50998948230488343191
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.731 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17311080639024422074…01997896460976686379
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.731 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17311080639024422074…01997896460976686381
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.462 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34622161278048844148…03995792921953372759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.462 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34622161278048844148…03995792921953372761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.924 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69244322556097688296…07991585843906745519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.924 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69244322556097688296…07991585843906745521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.384 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13848864511219537659…15983171687813491039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.384 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13848864511219537659…15983171687813491041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,842,055 XPM·at block #6,824,747 · updates every 60s
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