Block #348,349

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 5:58:08 PM · Difficulty 10.2572 · 6,469,005 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
836fe0764ee48df2051a388f6ecf7a3dc0b91e8137a2a5a67568fe0e07bab182

Height

#348,349

Difficulty

10.257166

Transactions

11

Size

16.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a41d59c

Nonce

13,301

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 5:58:08 PM

Confirmations

6,469,005

Merkle Root

4e73494fbeb9dae644ee597782afa55d26561d5aaaebbec6e60def043282fe38
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.036 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
30362368912281179657…03998639885288473599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.036 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
30362368912281179657…03998639885288473599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.036 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
30362368912281179657…03998639885288473601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.072 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
60724737824562359314…07997279770576947199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.072 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
60724737824562359314…07997279770576947201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.214 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12144947564912471862…15994559541153894399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.214 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12144947564912471862…15994559541153894401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.428 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
24289895129824943725…31989119082307788799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.428 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
24289895129824943725…31989119082307788801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.857 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
48579790259649887451…63978238164615577599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.857 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
48579790259649887451…63978238164615577601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,782,880 XPM·at block #6,817,353 · updates every 60s
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