Block #348,218

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 4:22:36 PM · Difficulty 10.2522 · 6,448,609 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
63f8217970227f308f378b294ddc3d23409acfcd5992165e70ec60c45a56d2c1

Height

#348,218

Difficulty

10.252174

Transactions

7

Size

2.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a408e7a

Nonce

49,317

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 4:22:36 PM

Confirmations

6,448,609

Merkle Root

88dba8c078cc1a53df9ad93d47d680dbc67f71917e0a2d7fe7eb2de4dd69df9c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.349 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13490412729997408410…03598464597048878079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.349 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13490412729997408410…03598464597048878079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.349 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13490412729997408410…03598464597048878081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.698 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
26980825459994816820…07196929194097756159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.698 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
26980825459994816820…07196929194097756161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.396 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
53961650919989633641…14393858388195512319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.396 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
53961650919989633641…14393858388195512321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.079 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
10792330183997926728…28787716776391024639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.079 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
10792330183997926728…28787716776391024641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.158 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
21584660367995853456…57575433552782049279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.158 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
21584660367995853456…57575433552782049281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,618,626 XPM·at block #6,796,826 · updates every 60s
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