Block #348,212

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 4:18:22 PM · Difficulty 10.2519 · 6,478,749 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
08f58fa60c302f7f71d95255ecf843f944372ebc296fb0072626c7f92d23b32e

Height

#348,212

Difficulty

10.251872

Transactions

6

Size

2.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a407ab0

Nonce

517,492

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 4:18:22 PM

Confirmations

6,478,749

Merkle Root

0566401d083fa528363092dc8eecdd3ac1badaa527dd0b79e91b2dadf0cffb41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.475 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14753966947281889564…43991782611752718079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.475 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14753966947281889564…43991782611752718079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.475 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14753966947281889564…43991782611752718081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.950 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29507933894563779129…87983565223505436159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.950 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29507933894563779129…87983565223505436161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.901 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
59015867789127558259…75967130447010872319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.901 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
59015867789127558259…75967130447010872321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.180 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11803173557825511651…51934260894021744639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.180 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11803173557825511651…51934260894021744641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.360 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23606347115651023303…03868521788043489279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.360 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23606347115651023303…03868521788043489281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,859,864 XPM·at block #6,826,960 · updates every 60s
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