Block #348,091

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 2:35:03 PM · Difficulty 10.2491 · 6,468,760 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e6aa6169ff6baf1b205bda2550e6b69eb0e41de3d66a17d56624c59e845d70d5

Height

#348,091

Difficulty

10.249113

Transactions

16

Size

8.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3fc5e2

Nonce

28,358

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 2:35:03 PM

Confirmations

6,468,760

Merkle Root

cbbb22eb5b98c38be98daef1c8faa35ca6a40578a67a6466c5505b1a44db923d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.177 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
11774224721210037706…07775105087695503359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.177 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
11774224721210037706…07775105087695503359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.177 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
11774224721210037706…07775105087695503361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.354 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
23548449442420075413…15550210175391006719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.354 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
23548449442420075413…15550210175391006721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.709 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
47096898884840150826…31100420350782013439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.709 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
47096898884840150826…31100420350782013441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.419 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
94193797769680301653…62200840701564026879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.419 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
94193797769680301653…62200840701564026881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.883 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
18838759553936060330…24401681403128053759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.883 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
18838759553936060330…24401681403128053761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,778,850 XPM·at block #6,816,850 · updates every 60s
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