Block #348,083

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 2:26:52 PM · Difficulty 10.2490 · 6,466,151 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0a7ce7fd084e1ab91a5220f88351e93e27dd18afea272c024afa5036a5225e6a

Height

#348,083

Difficulty

10.248984

Transactions

11

Size

2.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3fbd65

Nonce

52,282

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 2:26:52 PM

Confirmations

6,466,151

Merkle Root

836e7786a852a06c28b48ac1ad165cb09f3107aee38ab7a73a65186548e4f663
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.392 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13924978125910729638…07028035481148517599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.392 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13924978125910729638…07028035481148517599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.392 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13924978125910729638…07028035481148517601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27849956251821459277…14056070962297035199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27849956251821459277…14056070962297035201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.569 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55699912503642918555…28112141924594070399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.569 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55699912503642918555…28112141924594070401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11139982500728583711…56224283849188140799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11139982500728583711…56224283849188140801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.227 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22279965001457167422…12448567698376281599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.227 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22279965001457167422…12448567698376281601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,757,943 XPM·at block #6,814,233 · updates every 60s
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