Block #348,044

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/7/2014, 1:56:13 PM · Difficulty 10.2478 · 6,446,807 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fb22903ab927efb17fdaee4aa3eafd86af5c06ab1d9c8c31afead23b3a02a68c

Height

#348,044

Difficulty

10.247839

Transactions

8

Size

3.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3f725e

Nonce

3,037

Timestamp

1/7/2014, 1:56:13 PM

Confirmations

6,446,807

Merkle Root

aae497845c4a72758c04c24cd7bf408383ab0e87c324d76f7e2121883ad9cea2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.693 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16937895121017818887…08233373799299196159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.693 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16937895121017818887…08233373799299196159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.693 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16937895121017818887…08233373799299196161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.387 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33875790242035637775…16466747598598392319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.387 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33875790242035637775…16466747598598392321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.775 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67751580484071275551…32933495197196784639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.775 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67751580484071275551…32933495197196784641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.355 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13550316096814255110…65866990394393569279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.355 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13550316096814255110…65866990394393569281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.710 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27100632193628510220…31733980788787138559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.710 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27100632193628510220…31733980788787138561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,602,837 XPM·at block #6,794,850 · updates every 60s
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