Block #3,475,839

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/14/2019, 6:54:18 PM · Difficulty 10.9790 · 3,367,955 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ee97cd91a5c0fdcbd15564970e714c6699502e68a937d6b678515b7710ae1b28

Height

#3,475,839

Difficulty

10.979043

Transactions

6

Size

1.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afaa293

Nonce

386,460,858

Timestamp

12/14/2019, 6:54:18 PM

Confirmations

3,367,955

Merkle Root

70479d13679df1b1cb5852f670c1d244ed9493751160510fbec2b2f23882df63
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.182 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61827687340639223743…52697269297811323599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.182 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61827687340639223743…52697269297811323599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.182 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61827687340639223743…52697269297811323601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.236 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12365537468127844748…05394538595622647199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.236 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12365537468127844748…05394538595622647201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.473 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24731074936255689497…10789077191245294399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.473 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24731074936255689497…10789077191245294401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.946 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49462149872511378994…21578154382490588799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.946 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49462149872511378994…21578154382490588801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.892 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98924299745022757989…43156308764981177599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.892 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98924299745022757989…43156308764981177601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.978 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19784859949004551597…86312617529962355199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,994,729 XPM·at block #6,843,793 · updates every 60s
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