Block #3,475,377

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2019, 11:09:14 AM · Difficulty 10.9790 · 3,329,631 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
85c48c23e42d58e9e5735d87f44ab80284343bb73b90f2ef75c63793744b5fe8

Height

#3,475,377

Difficulty

10.979031

Transactions

8

Size

4.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afaa1c7

Nonce

1,699,407,726

Timestamp

12/14/2019, 11:09:14 AM

Confirmations

3,329,631

Merkle Root

45b565a4bad9855f17069ef0013b8e3d5be9a9fe25844a5f1b592480c2d4ae05
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.557 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
75574072317646454863…02834798198658879061
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.557 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
75574072317646454863…02834798198658879061
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.511 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15114814463529290972…05669596397317758121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.022 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30229628927058581945…11339192794635516241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.045 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60459257854117163890…22678385589271032481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.209 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12091851570823432778…45356771178542064961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.418 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24183703141646865556…90713542357084129921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.836 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48367406283293731112…81427084714168259841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.673 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96734812566587462225…62854169428336519681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.934 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19346962513317492445…25708338856673039361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.869 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38693925026634984890…51416677713346078721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
7.738 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77387850053269969780…02833355426692157441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,684,133 XPM·at block #6,805,007 · updates every 60s
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