Block #346,585

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/6/2014, 3:42:13 PM · Difficulty 10.2291 · 6,469,689 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fb7a2ef47a9fd2974bbdb6e80615756974dafb8c2547c9ec0694f5ac143ed9c3

Height

#346,585

Difficulty

10.229085

Transactions

16

Size

3.94 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3aa550

Nonce

12,469

Timestamp

1/6/2014, 3:42:13 PM

Confirmations

6,469,689

Merkle Root

0b0f1e7aae11dcba4f5a0002b3137974ac8764eb2ef897b6ed22cebfa6e414ae
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.190 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
71907825585387541964…15250220144930139999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.190 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
71907825585387541964…15250220144930139999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.190 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
71907825585387541964…15250220144930140001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.438 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14381565117077508392…30500440289860279999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.438 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14381565117077508392…30500440289860280001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.876 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
28763130234155016785…61000880579720559999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.876 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
28763130234155016785…61000880579720560001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.752 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
57526260468310033571…22001761159441119999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.752 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
57526260468310033571…22001761159441120001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.150 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
11505252093662006714…44003522318882239999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.150 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
11505252093662006714…44003522318882240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,774,307 XPM·at block #6,816,273 · updates every 60s
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