Block #346,582

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/6/2014, 3:37:44 PM · Difficulty 10.2292 · 6,457,349 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
18b9c32421327d5dd36ec856ec8bacc6c07aaa94152e006d565924c69a601147

Height

#346,582

Difficulty

10.229222

Transactions

26

Size

12.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3aae52

Nonce

98,083

Timestamp

1/6/2014, 3:37:44 PM

Confirmations

6,457,349

Merkle Root

bd694e6bcb73f27cafa0a366680316303f7e0bef3e28b03c46da81c0e9262d75
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.323 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
33236144856659187940…21616173671056803839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.323 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
33236144856659187940…21616173671056803839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.323 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
33236144856659187940…21616173671056803841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.647 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
66472289713318375881…43232347342113607679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.647 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
66472289713318375881…43232347342113607681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.329 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13294457942663675176…86464694684227215359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.329 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13294457942663675176…86464694684227215361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.658 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26588915885327350352…72929389368454430719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.658 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26588915885327350352…72929389368454430721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.317 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53177831770654700705…45858778736908861439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.317 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53177831770654700705…45858778736908861441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,675,498 XPM·at block #6,803,930 · updates every 60s
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