Block #344,577

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/5/2014, 9:40:32 AM · Difficulty 10.1966 · 6,464,565 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4eba6eded59d8571fac9b7f43e27bdc5147ebd4ddab5857fc2f3c7216a42eaae

Height

#344,577

Difficulty

10.196629

Transactions

11

Size

4.39 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a325649

Nonce

212,010

Timestamp

1/5/2014, 9:40:32 AM

Confirmations

6,464,565

Merkle Root

0199c8dcc4606740f3aa3cab0a565ce143876a656559257074975b6bdf416b4a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.110 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11105063222535643981…35548306573321395839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.110 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11105063222535643981…35548306573321395839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.110 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11105063222535643981…35548306573321395841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.221 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22210126445071287962…71096613146642791679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.221 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22210126445071287962…71096613146642791681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.442 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44420252890142575924…42193226293285583359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.442 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44420252890142575924…42193226293285583361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.884 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
88840505780285151848…84386452586571166719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.884 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
88840505780285151848…84386452586571166721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.776 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17768101156057030369…68772905173142333439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.776 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17768101156057030369…68772905173142333441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,717,197 XPM·at block #6,809,141 · updates every 60s
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