Block #344,424

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/5/2014, 7:28:54 AM · Difficulty 10.1927 · 6,465,266 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
93c5fa46ae158801013923ce9db786e46f08279554c1e82f9023159082777a47

Height

#344,424

Difficulty

10.192668

Transactions

9

Size

7.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3152b7

Nonce

82,185

Timestamp

1/5/2014, 7:28:54 AM

Confirmations

6,465,266

Merkle Root

0a2a7136e8a51a6c7132349157a4a75978e259474553b59fe1854989534a51ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.438 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34383614809163924030…83167235019691011199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.438 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34383614809163924030…83167235019691011199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.438 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34383614809163924030…83167235019691011201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.876 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68767229618327848060…66334470039382022399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.876 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68767229618327848060…66334470039382022401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.375 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13753445923665569612…32668940078764044799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.375 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13753445923665569612…32668940078764044801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.750 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27506891847331139224…65337880157528089599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.750 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27506891847331139224…65337880157528089601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.501 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
55013783694662278448…30675760315056179199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.501 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
55013783694662278448…30675760315056179201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,721,596 XPM·at block #6,809,689 · updates every 60s
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