Block #344,306

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/5/2014, 5:34:41 AM · Difficulty 10.1922 · 6,466,694 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2263d28bd9a7050ab9ebbdc0c3cba1af2a6a8e0e6ffbeffbf82d804b285e974a

Height

#344,306

Difficulty

10.192167

Transactions

18

Size

5.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a3131d5

Nonce

136,643

Timestamp

1/5/2014, 5:34:41 AM

Confirmations

6,466,694

Merkle Root

77641c95be3db09e0a4a9980623b47000a2275eb70ec46c16076354a88cfe5a3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.315 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
83156069576139844773…00693587167471580399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.315 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
83156069576139844773…00693587167471580399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.315 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
83156069576139844773…00693587167471580401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.663 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
16631213915227968954…01387174334943160799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.663 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
16631213915227968954…01387174334943160801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.326 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
33262427830455937909…02774348669886321599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.326 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
33262427830455937909…02774348669886321601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.652 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
66524855660911875818…05548697339772643199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.652 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
66524855660911875818…05548697339772643201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.330 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13304971132182375163…11097394679545286399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.330 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13304971132182375163…11097394679545286401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,103 XPM·at block #6,810,999 · updates every 60s
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