Block #344,146

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/5/2014, 3:08:36 AM · Difficulty 10.1899 · 6,461,823 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
91582c20ae7c16a7d51cda94e67fd413e06fb786b51c4d887447d0a6dea5be0a

Height

#344,146

Difficulty

10.189922

Transactions

19

Size

6.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a309eb9

Nonce

72,503

Timestamp

1/5/2014, 3:08:36 AM

Confirmations

6,461,823

Merkle Root

6c6e7bbf0701c7945c561197ee12718750a3f8a7604a0adee04a45443fad4e98
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.471 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34717308152823336165…35837127836206447399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.471 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34717308152823336165…35837127836206447399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.471 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34717308152823336165…35837127836206447401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.943 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69434616305646672331…71674255672412894799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.943 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69434616305646672331…71674255672412894801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.388 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13886923261129334466…43348511344825789599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.388 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13886923261129334466…43348511344825789601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.777 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27773846522258668932…86697022689651579199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.777 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27773846522258668932…86697022689651579201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.554 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
55547693044517337865…73394045379303158399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.554 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
55547693044517337865…73394045379303158401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,691,826 XPM·at block #6,805,968 · updates every 60s
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