Block #343,819

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/4/2014, 10:13:10 PM · Difficulty 10.1848 · 6,460,068 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f98b636a5600f30e5721de0341a4d9d90194af21f729fd3a863b2295ca21d01f

Height

#343,819

Difficulty

10.184816

Transactions

16

Size

5.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2f5022

Nonce

19,357

Timestamp

1/4/2014, 10:13:10 PM

Confirmations

6,460,068

Merkle Root

28f4900543266a1eba14f33f3e71d71f37ace9e4317185213b9fadf887e07e83
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.636 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
16365643260636365074…80443908023176760319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.636 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
16365643260636365074…80443908023176760319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.636 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
16365643260636365074…80443908023176760321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.273 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
32731286521272730148…60887816046353520639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.273 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
32731286521272730148…60887816046353520641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.546 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
65462573042545460297…21775632092707041279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.546 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
65462573042545460297…21775632092707041281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.309 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
13092514608509092059…43551264185414082559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.309 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
13092514608509092059…43551264185414082561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.618 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
26185029217018184119…87102528370828165119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.618 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
26185029217018184119…87102528370828165121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,675,140 XPM·at block #6,803,886 · updates every 60s
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